Dynamic control of high-voltage actuator arrays by light-pattern projection on photoconductive switches.

The ability to control high-voltage actuator arrays relies, to date, on expensive microelectronic processes or on individual wiring of each actuator to a single off-chip high-voltage switch. Here we present an alternative approach that uses on-chip photoconductive switches together with a light projection system to individually address high-voltage actuators. Each actuator is connected to one or more switches that are nominally OFF unless turned ON using direct light illumination. We selected hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) as our photoconductive material, and we provide a complete characterization of its light to dark conductance, breakdown field, and spectral response. The resulting switches are very robust, and we provide full details of their fabrication processes. We demonstrate that the switches can be integrated into different architectures to support both AC and DC-driven actuators and provide engineering guidelines for their functional design. To demonstrate the versatility of our approach, we demonstrate the use of the photoconductive switches in two distinctly different applications-control of µm-sized gate electrodes for patterning flow fields in a microfluidic chamber and control of cm-sized electrostatic actuators for creating mechanical deformations for haptic displays.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: Can we stratify at-risk populations?

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new nomenclature recently proposed by a panel of international experts so that the entity is defined based on positive criteria and linked to pathogenesis, replacing the traditional non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a definition based on exclusion criteria. NAFLD/MAFLD is currently the most common form of chronic liver disease worldwide and is a growing risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is estimated than 25% of the global population have NAFLD and is projected to increase in the next years. Major Scientific Societies agree that surveillance for HCC should be indicated in patients with NAFLD/ MAFLD and cirrhosis but differ in non-cirrhotic patients (including those with advanced fibrosis). Several studies have shown that the annual incidence rate of HCC in NAFLD-cirrhosis is greater than 1%, thus surveillance for HCC is cost-effective. Risk factors that increase HCC incidence in these patients are male gender, older age, presence of diabetes and any degree of alcohol consumption. In non-cirrhotic patients, the incidence of HCC is much lower and variable, being a great challenge to stratify the risk of HCC in this group. Furthermore, large epidemiological studies based on the general population have shown that diabetes and obesity significantly increase risk of HCC. Some genetic variants may also play a role modifying the HCC occurrence among patients with NAFLD. The purpose of this review is to discuss the epidemiology, clinical and genetic risk factors that may influence the risk of HCC in NAFLD/MAFLD patients and propose screening strategy to translate into better patient care.

Aportes al conocimiento de los Laniatores (Arachnida: Opiliones: Grassatores) del departamento de Loreto, Perú / Contributions to knowledge of Laniatores (Arachnida: Opiliones: Grassatores) of the department of Loreto, Peru

Resumen En este trabajo presentamos un análisis del estado del conocimiento y riqueza de los opiliones Laniatores del departamento de Loreto; en general, arácnidos poco conocidos en la Amazonia peruana. Para ello, se revisó la literatura relevante y se examinó la colección del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Los resultados muestran 72 especies distribuidas en 11 familias. Las familias más diversas fueron Cosmetidae (34 spp.), Cranaidae (11 spp.) y Stygnidae (8 spp.). Aunque no hay información suficiente, las muestras del río Samiria (23 especies, 11 familias) sugieren un grado de endemismo local muy alto, 10 especies están restringidas solo a esta localidad. Con este trabajo se suman 52 especies de Laniatores a las 19 previamente registradas en la literatura para el departamento de Loreto y se registran por primera vez en Perú las familias Biantidae, Samoidae y Stygnommatidae. Aquí se reportan 12 por primera vez para Perú: Cocholla simoni Roewer, Cynorta marginalis Banks, Discosomaticus cinctus (Perty), Meterginus serratus Roewer, Paecilaemula argentinoi Soares, Sibambea rotunda Roewer, Taito insperatus Kury & Barros, Taito rorschachi Kury & Barros, Ventripila marginata Roewer, Hutamaia plei Tourinho & Mendes, Obidosus boibumba (Villarreal & Pinto-da-Rocha), y Stenostygnus pusio Simon.

Abstract In this paper we present an analysis of the state of knowledge and species richness of the Laniatores harvestmen from the department of Loreto, a group of little-known arachnids in the Peruvian Amazon. To do this, relevant literature was reviewed and the collection of the Natural History Museum of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru was examined. Our results show 72 species distributed in 11 families. Cosmetidae (34 spp.), Cranaidae (11 spp.) and Stygnidae (8 spp.) were the most diverse families. Although there is insufficient information, samples from Samiria River (23 species, 11 families) suggest a very high degree of local endemism, 10 species are restricted only to this locality. With this work, 52 species of Laniatores are added to 19 previously recorded for the Loreto department. Families Biantidae, Samoidae and Stygnommatidae are recorded for the first time in Peru. In addition, 12 new species are reported here for the first time in Peru: Cocholla simoni Roewer, Cynorta marginalis Banks, Discosomaticus cinctus (Perty), Meterginus serratus Roewer, Paecilaemula argentinoi Soares, Sibambea rotunda Roewer, Taito insperatus Kury & Barros, Taito rorschachi Kury & Barros, Ventripila marginata Roewer, Hutamaia plei Tourinho & Mendes, Obidosus boibumba (Villarreal & Pinto-da-Rocha), and Stenostygnus pusio Simon.

Ultrathin Lubricant-Infused Vertical Graphene Nanoscaffolds for High-Performance Dropwise Condensation.

Lubricant-infused surfaces (LIS) are highly efficient in repelling water and constitute a very promising family of materials for condensation processes occurring in a broad range of energy applications. However, the performance of LIS in such processes is limited by the inherent thermal resistance imposed by the thickness of the lubricant and supporting surface structure, as well as by the gradual depletion of the lubricant over time. Here, we present an ultrathin (∼70 nm) and conductive LIS architecture, obtained by infusing lubricant into a vertically grown graphene nanoscaffold on copper. The ultrathin nature of the scaffold, combined with the high in-plane thermal conductivity of graphene, drastically minimize earlier limitations, effectively doubling the heat transfer performance compared to a state-of-the-art CuO LIS surface. We show that the effect of the thermal resistance to the heat transfer performance of a LIS surface, although often overlooked, can be so detrimental that a simple nanostructured CuO surface can outperform a CuO LIS surface, despite filmwise condensation on the former. The present vertical graphene LIS is also found to be resistant to lubricant depletion, maintaining stable dropwise condensation for at least 24 h with no significant change of advancing contact angle and contact angle hysteresis. The lubricant consumed by the vertical graphene LIS is 52.6% less than that of the existing state-of-the-art CuO LIS, also making the fabrication process more economical.

Polymer-Nanocarbon Topological and Electronic Interface.

The electronic structure of semiconducting carbon nanotubes selected through polymer functionalization is routinely verified by measuring the spectral van Hove singularity signature under ultraclean vacuum conditions. Interpreting the effect of unperturbed polymer adsorption on the nanotube energetic bands in solvent media is experimentally challenging owing to solvent molecular crowding around the hybrid complex. Here, a liquid-based scanning tunneling microscope and spectroscope operating in a noise-free laboratory is used to resolve the polymer-semiconducting carbon-nanotube-underlying graphene heterostructure in the presence of encompassing solvent molecules. The spectroscopic measurements highlight the role of polymer packing and graphene landscape on the electronic shifts induced in the nanotube energy bands. Together with molecular dynamics simulations, our experimental findings emphasize the necessity of recording physicochemical and electronic properties of liquid-phase solubilized hybrid materials in their native state.

Anetodermia secundaria a sífilis / Anetoderma secondary to syphilis. Case report and literature review

La anetodermia es una entidad cutánea benigna, rara e infrecuente, cuya característica es la pérdida localizada de fibras elásticas a nivel de la dermis. Suele observarse en pacientes con síndrome antifosfolípidico, lupus eritematoso sistémico, acné y varicela y de manera inusual como manifestación de una sífilis secundaria. Comunicamos el caso de una mujer con secundario o sifilítico que desarrolló anetodermia posterior a este proceso infeccioso.

Anetoderma is a benign, rare and infrequent cutaneous entity whose characteristic is the localized loss of elastic fibers at the level of the dermis. It is usually observed in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, acne and varicella and an unusual way as a manifestation of secondary syphilis. We report a case of a woman with syphilitic secondary disease who developed an anetoderma after this infectious process.

The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling.

We present a phylogenetic analysis of spiders using a dataset of 932 spider species, representing 115 families (only the family Synaphridae is unrepresented), 700 known genera, and additional representatives of 26 unidentified or undescribed genera. Eleven genera of the orders Amblypygi, Palpigradi, Schizomida and Uropygi are included as outgroups. The dataset includes six markers from the mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI) and nuclear (histone H3, 18S, 28S) genomes, and was analysed by multiple methods, including constrained analyses using a highly supported backbone tree from transcriptomic data. We recover most of the higher-level structure of the spider tree with good support, including Mesothelae, Opisthothelae, Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae. Several of our analyses recover Hypochilidae and Filistatidae as sister groups, as suggested by previous transcriptomic analyses. The Synspermiata are robustly supported, and the families Trogloraptoridae and Caponiidae are found as sister to the Dysderoidea. Our results support the Lost Tracheae clade, including Pholcidae, Tetrablemmidae, Diguetidae, Plectreuridae and the family Pacullidae (restored status) separate from Tetrablemmidae. The Scytodoidea include Ochyroceratidae along with Sicariidae, Scytodidae, Drymusidae and Periegopidae; our results are inconclusive about the separation of these last two families. We did not recover monophyletic Austrochiloidea and Leptonetidae, but our data suggest that both groups are more closely related to the Cylindrical Gland Spigot clade rather than to Synspermiata. Palpimanoidea is not recovered by our analyses, but also not strongly contradicted. We find support for Entelegynae and Oecobioidea (Oecobiidae plus Hersiliidae), and ambiguous placement of cribellate orb-weavers, compatible with their non-monophyly. Nicodamoidea (Nicodamidae plus Megadictynidae) and Araneoidea composition and relationships are consistent with recent analyses. We did not obtain resolution for the titanoecoids (Titanoecidae and Phyxelididae), but the Retrolateral Tibial Apophysis clade is well supported. Penestomidae, and probably Homalonychidae, are part of Zodarioidea, although the latter family was set apart by recent transcriptomic analyses. Our data support a large group that we call the marronoid clade (including the families Amaurobiidae, Desidae, Dictynidae, Hahniidae, Stiphidiidae, Agelenidae and Toxopidae). The circumscription of most marronoid families is redefined here. Amaurobiidae include the Amaurobiinae and provisionally Macrobuninae. We transfer Malenellinae (Malenella, from Anyphaenidae), Chummidae (Chumma) (new syn.) and Tasmarubriinae (Tasmarubrius, Tasmabrochus and Teeatta, from Amphinectidae) to Macrobuninae. Cybaeidae are redefined to include Calymmaria, Cryphoeca, Ethobuella and Willisius (transferred from Hahniidae), and Blabomma and Yorima (transferred from Dictynidae). Cycloctenidae are redefined to include Orepukia (transferred from Agelenidae) and Pakeha and Paravoca (transferred from Amaurobiidae). Desidae are redefined to include five subfamilies: Amphinectinae, with Amphinecta, Mamoea, Maniho, Paramamoea and Rangitata (transferred from Amphinectidae); Ischaleinae, with Bakala and Manjala (transferred from Amaurobiidae) and Ischalea (transferred from Stiphidiidae); Metaltellinae, with Austmusia, Buyina, Calacadia, Cunnawarra, Jalkaraburra, Keera, Magua, Metaltella, Penaoola and Quemusia; Porteriinae (new rank), with Baiami, Cambridgea, Corasoides and Nanocambridgea (transferred from Stiphidiidae); and Desinae, with Desis, and provisionally Poaka (transferred from Amaurobiidae) and Barahna (transferred from Stiphidiidae). Argyroneta is transferred from Cybaeidae to Dictynidae. Cicurina is transferred from Dictynidae to Hahniidae. The genera Neoramia (from Agelenidae) and Aorangia, Marplesia and Neolana (from Amphinectidae) are transferred to Stiphidiidae. The family Toxopidae (restored status) includes two subfamilies: Myroinae, with Gasparia, Gohia, Hulua, Neomyro, Myro, Ommatauxesis and Otagoa (transferred from Desidae); and Toxopinae, with Midgee and Jamara, formerly Midgeeinae, new syn. (transferred from Amaurobiidae) and Hapona, Laestrygones, Lamina, Toxops and Toxopsoides (transferred from Desidae). We obtain a monophyletic Oval Calamistrum clade and Dionycha; Sparassidae, however, are not dionychans, but probably the sister group of those two clades. The composition of the Oval Calamistrum clade is confirmed (including Zoropsidae, Udubidae, Ctenidae, Oxyopidae, Senoculidae, Pisauridae, Trechaleidae, Lycosidae, Psechridae and Thomisidae), affirming previous findings on the uncertain relationships of the "ctenids" Ancylometes and Cupiennius, although a core group of Ctenidae are well supported. Our data were ambiguous as to the monophyly of Oxyopidae. In Dionycha, we found a first split of core Prodidomidae, excluding the Australian Molycriinae, which fall distantly from core prodidomids, among gnaphosoids. The rest of the dionychans form two main groups, Dionycha part A and part B. The former includes much of the Oblique Median Tapetum clade (Trochanteriidae, Gnaphosidae, Gallieniellidae, Phrurolithidae, Trachelidae, Gnaphosidae, Ammoxenidae, Lamponidae and the Molycriinae), and also Anyphaenidae and Clubionidae. Orthobula is transferred from Phrurolithidae to Trachelidae. Our data did not allow for complete resolution for the gnaphosoid families. Dionycha part B includes the families Salticidae, Eutichuridae, Miturgidae, Philodromidae, Viridasiidae, Selenopidae, Corinnidae and Xenoctenidae (new fam., including Xenoctenus, Paravulsor and Odo, transferred from Miturgidae, as well as Incasoctenus from Ctenidae). We confirm the inclusion of Zora (formerly Zoridae) within Miturgidae.

The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling

We present a phylogenetic analysis of spiders using a dataset of 932 spider species, representing 115 families (only the family Synaphridae is unrepresented), 700 known genera, and additional representatives of 26 unidentified or undescribed genera. Eleven genera of the orders Amblypygi, Palpigradi, Schizomida and Uropygi are included as outgroups. The dataset includes six markers from the mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI) and nuclear (histone H3, 18S, 28S) genomes, and was analysed by multiple methods, including constrained analyses using a highly supported backbone tree from transcriptomic data. We recover most of the higher-level structure of the spider tree with good support, including Mesothelae, Opisthothelae, Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae. Several of our analyses recover Hypochilidae and Filistatidae as sister groups, as suggested by previous transcriptomic analyses. The Synspermiata are robustly supported, and the families Trogloraptoridae and Caponiidae are found as sister to the Dysderoidea. Our results support the Lost Tracheae clade, including Pholcidae, Tetrablemmidae, Diguetidae, Plectreuridae and the family Pacullidae (restored status) separate from Tetrablemmidae. The Scytodoidea include Ochyroceratidae along with Sicariidae, Scytodidae, Drymusidae and Periegopidae; our results are inconclusive about the separation of these last two families. We did not recover monophyletic Austrochiloidea and Leptonetidae, but our data suggest that both groups are more closely related to the Cylindrical Gland Spigot clade rather than to Synspermiata. Palpimanoidea is not recovered by our analyses, but also not strongly contradicted. We find support for Entelegynae and Oecobioidea (Oecobiidae plus Hersiliidae), and ambiguous placement of cribellate orb-weavers, compatible with their non-monophyly. Nicodamoidea (Nicodamidae plus Megadictynidae) and Araneoidea composition and relationships are consistent with recent analyses. We did not obtain resolution for the titanoecoids (Titanoecidae and Phyxelididae), but the Retrolateral Tibial Apophysis clade is well supported. Penestomidae, and probably Homalonychidae, are part of Zodarioidea, although the latter family was set apart by recent transcriptomic analyses. Our data support a large group that we call the marronoid clade (including the families Amaurobiidae, Desidae, Dictynidae, Hahniidae, Stiphidiidae, Agelenidae and Toxopidae). The circumscription of most marronoid families is redefined here. Amaurobiidae include the Amaurobiinae and provisionally Macrobuninae. We transfer Malenellinae (Malenella, from Anyphaenidae), Chummidae (Chumma) (new syn.) and Tasmarubriinae (Tasmarubrius, Tasmabrochus and Teeatta, from Amphinectidae) to Macrobuninae. Cybaeidae are redefined to include Calymmaria, Cryphoeca, Ethobuella and Willisius (transferred from Hahniidae), and Blabomma and Yorima (transferred from Dictynidae). Cycloctenidae are redefined to include Orepukia (transferred from Agelenidae) and Pakeha and Paravoca (transferred from Amaurobiidae). Desidae are redefined to include five subfamilies: Amphinectinae, with Amphinecta, Mamoea, Maniho, Paramamoea and Rangitata (transferred from Amphinectidae); Ischaleinae, with Bakala and Manjala (transferred from Amaurobiidae) and Ischalea (transferred from Stiphidiidae); Metaltellinae, with Austmusia, Buyina, Calacadia, Cunnawarra, Jalkaraburra, Keera, Magua, Metaltella, Penaoola and Quemusia; Porteriinae (new rank), with Baiami, Cambridgea, Corasoides and Nanocambridgea (transferred from Stiphidiidae); and Desinae, with Desis, and provisionally Poaka (transferred from Amaurobiidae) and Barahna (transferred from Stiphidiidae). Argyroneta is transferred from Cybaeidae to Dictynidae. Cicurina is transferred from Dictynidae to Hahniidae. The genera Neoramia (from Agelenidae) and Aorangia, Marplesia and Neolana (from Amphinectidae) are transferred to Stiphidiidae. The family Toxopidae (restored status) includes two subfamilies: Myroinae, with Gasparia, Gohia, Hulua, Neomyro, Myro, Ommatauxesis and Otagoa (transferred from Desidae); and Toxopinae, with Midgee and Jamara, formerly Midgeeinae, new syn. (transferred from Amaurobiidae) and Hapona, Laestrygones, Lamina, Toxops and Toxopsoides (transferred from Desidae). We obtain a monophyletic Oval Calamistrum clade and Dionycha; Sparassidae, however, are not dionychans, but probably the sister group of those two clades. The composition of the Oval Calamistrum clade is confirmed (including Zoropsidae, Udubidae, Ctenidae, Oxyopidae, Senoculidae, Pisauridae, Trechaleidae, Lycosidae, Psechridae and Thomisidae), affirming previous findings on the uncertain relationships of the "ctenids" Ancylometes and Cupiennius, although a core group of Ctenidae are well supported. Our data were ambiguous as to the monophyly of Oxyopidae. In Dionycha, we found a first split of core Prodidomidae, excluding the Australian Molycriinae, which fall distantly from core prodidomids, among gnaphosoids. The rest of the dionychans form two main groups, Dionycha part A and part B. The former includes much of the Oblique Median Tapetum clade (Trochanteriidae, Gnaphosidae, Gallieniellidae, Phrurolithidae, Trachelidae, Gnaphosidae, Ammoxenidae, Lamponidae and the Molycriinae), and also Anyphaenidae and Clubionidae. Orthobula is transferred from Phrurolithidae to Trachelidae. Our data did not allow for complete resolution for the gnaphosoid families. Dionycha part B includes the families Salticidae, Eutichuridae, Miturgidae, Philodromidae, Viridasiidae, Selenopidae, Corinnidae and Xenoctenidae (new fam., including Xenoctenus, Paravulsor and Odo, transferred from Miturgidae, as well as Incasoctenus from Ctenidae). We confirm the inclusion of Zora (formerly Zoridae) within Miturgidae.

Liquen aureus / Lichen aureus

El liquen aureus es una dermatosis purpúrica pigmentaria crónica. Se caracteriza por la presencia de máculas, pápulas y placas de color marrón dorado, localizadas en los miembros inferiores. A nivel histológico se observaz un infiltrado linfocítico liquenoide y perivascular, con extravasación de eritrocitos en la dermis. La dermatoscopia evidencia un patrón purpúrico moteado sobre un fondo amarillento. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 19 años que consultó por máculas, pápulas y placas de color marrón dorado, asintomáticas, ubicadas en la cara externa del muslo izquierdo, de 7 meses de evolución. Se realizó dermatoscopia y estudio histopatológico, e inició tratamiento con tacrolimus ungüento al 0,1%, con mejoría clínica sin progresión del cuadro (AU)

Lichen aureus is a chronic pigmentary purpuric dermatosis. Clinically is characterized by macules, papules and plaques of golden-brown coloration, located in lower extremities. Histologically by a lichenoid and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate with extravasation of erythrocytes in the dermis. Dermoscopy show a speckled purpura pattern on a yellowish background. We report a 19 year old man who presented asymptomatic macules, isolated papules and golden-brown plaques on his left thigh for 7 months. Dermoscopy and histopathology study confirmed the diagnosis and treatment with tacrolimus 0.1% ointment was indicated, achiving clinic improvement and no progression of previous lesions (AU)

Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of perioperative firocoxib and tramadol administration in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of perioperative oral administration of tramadol, firocoxib, and a tramadol-firocoxib combination on signs of pain and limb function after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs. DESIGN: Randomized, blinded, prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: 30 adult client-owned dogs with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament disease. PROCEDURES: Dogs were allocated into 3 treatment groups (tramadol, firocoxib, and a tramadol-firocoxib combination). Signs of pain (short-form Glasgow composite measure pain scale), serum cortisol concentrations, and limb function (pressure platform gait analysis) were recorded at several time points before surgery and through 3 days after surgery. Outcome measures were compared among groups. RESULTS: A significantly greater number of dogs in the tramadol group (8/10 dogs) had a pain score > 6 after surgery, compared with the other groups. No significant differences were detected in the pain scores between the firocoxib and the tramadol-firocoxib combination groups. There were no significant differences in serum cortisol concentrations among the 3 groups. Limb function was significantly decreased for dogs in the tramadol group on days 1 and 2 after surgery and in the firocoxib group on day 1 after surgery. Although limb function decreased for dogs in the tramadol-firocoxib combination group, the change was not significant for any day after surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dogs that received firocoxib orally, alone or in combination with tramadol, had lower pain scores, lower rescue opiate administration, and greater limb function than dogs that received only tramadol. When used alone, oral administration of tramadol may not provide sufficient analgesic efficacy to treat dogs with pain after orthopedic surgical procedures.

Efectos tóxicos de cuatro plantas amazónicas sobre Chironomus calligraphus Goeldi 1905 (Diptera: Chironomidae) y Artemia franciscana Kellog 1906 (Anostraca: Artemiidae) / Toxic effects of four amazonian plants on Chironomus calligraphus Goeldi 1905 (Diptera: Chironomidae) and Artemia franciscana Kellog 1906 (anostraca: artemiidae)

The aim of current research was to evaluate the ecotoxic effect of four Amazonian plants of ethnobotanical importance in Pucallpa, Peru: Dutchman’s Pipe Aristolochia pilosa Kunth (Aristolochiaceae) in stem and leaves, Soapberry Paullinia clavigera Simpson (Sapindaceae) in cortex, Wandering Jew Tradescantia zebrina Hort ex Bosse (Commelinaceae) in all plant and Curare Chondrodendron tomentosum Ruiz & Pavon corr. Miers (Menispermaceae) in cortex and leaves on first instars’ insect larvae of Chironomus calligraphus Goeldi 1905 and second instars’ nauplii of brine shrimp Artemia franciscana Kellog, 1906. Standard procedures were employed to detect semiqualitative phytochemistry of hexane, chloroform and hydroalcohol extracts, for each plant evaluated. The LC50 mean values of hexane and chloroform extracts of all plants on A. franciscana and hydroalcoholic extract on C. calligraphus were lower than values of chloroform extracts on C. calligraphus. Leaves hexane extract and stem chloroform extract of A. pilosa, and hydroalcohol extract of P. clavigera had higher activity on C. calligraphus. However, hexane and chloroform extracts of T. zebrina, and stem hydroalcoholic extract of A. pilosa had higher activity on A. franciscana.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto ecotoxico de cuatro plantas amazónicas de importancia etnobotánica en Pucallpa, Perú: “Huancahuisacha” Aristolochia pilosa Kunth (Aristolochiaceae) en talloy hoja, “Sacha Yoco” Paullinia clavigera Simpson (Sapindaceae) en corteza, “Oreja de Tigre” Tradescantia zebrina Hort ex Bosse (Commelinaceae) toda la planta y “Curare” Chondrodendron tomentosum Ruiz & Pavon corr. Miers (Menispermaceae) en corteza y hoja sobre las larvas de primer estadio de Chironomus calligraphus Goeldi 1905 y sobre los nauplios de segundo estadio del camarón salino Artemia franciscana Kellog, 1906. Se emplearon procedimientos estándares para la detección fitoquímica semicualitativa de los extractos hexánicos, clorofórmicos e hidroalcohólicos de las plantas evaluadas...

Revisión del género de arañas Caloctenus Keyserling, 1877 (Araneae, Ctenidae) / Revision of the spider genus Caloctenus Keyserling, 1877

Se examina y redefine el género Caloctenus Keyserling. Este grupo incluye arañas pequeñas que se caracterizan por tener el cefalotórax con las regiones cefálica y torácica bien delimitadas por surcos profundos; el cuerpo enteramente cubierto por escamas iridicentes y una combinación de 5-8/6-7 pares de espinas ventrales en las tibias/metatarsos del primer y segundo par de patas. Caloctenus incluye cuatro especies del norte de Sudamérica, se proporciona una clave para identificarlas. Los ejemplares machos de C. aculeatus Keys. y C. gracilitarsis Simon se describen por primera vez. Se presenta dos nuevas especies: C. carbonera, de Venezuela y C. oxapampa, del Perú. Otras especies previamente descritas bajo este género pertenecen a otros grupos. Caloctenus boetonensis Strand, C. celer Simon, y C. oreus Simon se transfieren al género Acantheis Thorell, 1891. Caloctenus fernandensis Simon se transfiere a Africactenus Hyatt, 1954. Caloctenus penicilliger Simon y C. variegatus Bertkau se transfieren a Enoploctenus Simon, 1897. Caloctenus abyssinicus Strand se considera incertae sedis en Ctenidae.

Liposarcoma mixoide a propósito de un caso / mixoide Liposarcoma with regard to a case

Los sarcomas de partes son tumores poco frecuentes que representan menos del 1 por ciento de todos los cánceres. Están incluidos dentro de las neoplasias malignas de sistema locomotor o muscoesquelético tienen una mayor incidencia en la infancia y hacia la quinta década de vida, su presentación es insidiosa y su manifestación predominante es la presencia de una masa de gran tamaño y crecimiento lento.